A Morfometria Geométrica e suas aplicações nos estudos de Serpentes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5211377Resumen
Na biologia a descrição da forma dos organismos serve como base para diversos estudos. Durante muitos anos pesquisadores buscaram técnicas que permitissem quantificar estatisticamente a variação de forma de organismos e/ou estruturas até que na década de 1980 houve o surgimento da Morfometria Geométrica (MG), técnica que permite analisar a forma dos organismos ou de determinada estrutura considerando o espaço de forma geométrica e usando métodos estatísticos multivariados. As análises de MG são baseadas em conjuntos de marcos anatômicos que carregam informações de coordenadas cartesianas indicando seu posicionamento exato na estrutura analisada. O conceito de tamanho em MG é dado pelo tamanho do centroide, definido como a quantidade de dispersão dos marcos anatômicos em torno do centro de gravidade da configuração (centroide). Já a forma é definida como a propriedade geométrica de um objeto que permanece após a retirada dos efeitos de localização, escala e orientação, que pode ser realizada através da Análise Generalizada de Procrustes. Para avaliar o uso da MG em estudos de serpentes foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica na qual foram levantados 55 artigos que utilizam essa técnica no estudo do grupo. O tema mais abordado é a variação morfológica associada ao habitat (20% dos artigos), seguido por delimitação de espécies e variação morfológica associada à dieta (17% cada). A maior parte desses trabalhos utiliza a morfologia externa da cabeça como fonte de informação (51%), seguida pela osteologia craniana (30%). Existe uma variedade de análises estatísticas multivariadas utilizadas nos trabalhos dependendo do objetivo. Contudo, cada vez mais estudos que relacionam a morfologia a fatores bióticos e/ou abióticos buscam avaliar a relação desses caracteres em um contexto evolutivo através de métodos filogenéticos comparativos, o que configura uma técnica poderosa para identificar associações e inferir pressões seletivas que geram a diversidade biológica. Com essa pesquisa foi possível observar um número crescente de estudos de serpentes utilizando MG e a partir dos resultados dos mesmos há a amplificação das possibilidades de novas abordagens, o que permitirá uma melhor compreensão da evolução, ecologia e morfologia das serpentes.Referencias
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