Mating, courtship, and territorial behaviors of Polychrus acutirostris (Squamata: Polychrotidae) in a Caatinga area of Northeastern Brazil

Alvarez B.B., Lions M.L., Calamante C. 2005. Breeding biology and skeletal development of Polychrus acutirostris (Iguania, Polychrotidae). Facena 21:3–27.

Andersson M. 1994. Sexual selection. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.

Anderson R.A., Vitt L.J. 1990. Sexual selection versus alternative causes of sexual dimorphism in teiid lizards. Oecologia 84:145–157. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00318265.

Beecher M.D., Beecher I.M. 1979. Sociobiology of bank swallows: reproductive strategy of the male. Science 205:1282–1285.

Bernarde P.S., Kokubum M.N.C., Marques O.A.V. 2000. Activity and habitat use in Thamnodynastes strigatus (Günther, 1858), in southern Brazil (Serpentes, Colubridae). Bulletin of the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro 428:1–8.

Birkhead T.R., Møller A.P. 1992. Sperm Competition in birds: Evolutionary Causes and Consequences. Academic Press, London.

Birkhead T.R., Møller A.P. 1998. Sperm competition and sexual selection. Academic Press, London.

Carvalho‑JRE.A.R., Campello M.L.C.B. 2008. Polychrus marmoratus (NCN). Mating. Herpetological Review 39:1–93.

Cacciali P., Scott N.J., Ortíz A.L.A., Fitzgerald L.A., Smith P. 2016. The Reptiles of Paraguay: Literature, distribution, and an annotated taxonomic checklist. Special Publication of the Museum of Southwestern Biology 11:1–373.

Carpenter C.C. 1962. Patterns of behavior in two Oklahoma lizards. American Midland Naturalist 67:132–151.

Carpenter C.C. 1977. The aggressive displays of three species of South American iguanid lizards of the genus Tropidurus. Herpetologica 33:285–289.

Censky E.J. 1995. Mating strategy and reproductive success in the teiid lizard, Ameiva plei. Behaviour 132:529–557. doi: https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1163/156853995X00199.

Costa H.C., Silva E.T., Campos P.S., Oliveira M.P.C., Nunes A.V., Campos P.S. 2010. The corpse bride: a case of Davian behaviour in the Green Ameiva (Ameiva ameiva) in southeastern Brazil. Herpetology Notes 3:79–83.

Cooper W.E., Vitt L.J. 1997. Maximizing male reproductive success in the broad‑headed skink (Eumeces laticeps): preliminary evidence for mate guarding, size‑assortative pairing, and opportunistic extra‑pair mating. Amphibia‑Reptilia 18:59–73.

Fonseca W.L., Correa R.R., Oliveira A.S., Oliveira I.S., Bernarde P.S. 2021. Habitat use and activity of Bothrops bilineatus smaragdinus Hoge, 1966 in the western Brazilian Amazon (Serpentes: Viperidae). Herpetology Notes 14:567–580.

Garda A.A., Costa G.C., França F.G.R., Giugliano L.G., Leite G.S., Mesquita D.O., Colli G.R. 2012. Reproduction, body size, and diet of Polychrus acutirostris (Squamata: Polychrotidae) in two contrasting environments in Brazil. Journal of Herpetology 46:2–8.

Gainsbury A.M. 2019. Observations on nest‑site selection of Polychrus acutirostris Spix, 1825 (Squamata: Polychrotidae), in the Brazilian Cerrado. Herpetology Notes 12:813–814.

Greenberg N. 1977. An ethogram of the blue spiny lizard, Sceloporus cyanogenys (Reptilia, Lacertilia, Iguanidae). Journal of Herpetology 11:177–195. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1563139.

Grier J.W. 1984. Biology of animal behaviour. St. Louis, Times Mirror, Mosby College Publishing.

Gogliath M., Ribeiro L.B., Freire E.M.X. 2010. Forced copulation attempt in the Blue‑tailed Lizard, Micrablepharus maximiliani (Reinhardt & Lütken, 1862) (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) in the Caatinga of Northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 10:347–350. doi: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1676‑06032010000400040.

Gorman G.C., Huey R.B., Williams E.E. 1969. Cytotaxonomic studies on some unusual iguanid lizards assigned to the genera Chamaeleolis, Polychrus, Polychroides and Phenacosaurus, with behavioral notes. Breviora 316:1–17.

Jenssen T.A. 1977. Evolution of Anoline lizard display behavior. American Zoologist 17:203–215.

Kawashita‑Ribeiro R.A., Ávila R.W. 2008. Reptilia, Squamata, Polychrus spp.: new record, range extensions, and distribution map in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Check List 4:362–365. doi: https://doi.org/10.15560/4.3.362.

Lima A.F.B., Sousa B.M. 2006. Court and copulation behaviors of Enyalius perditus Jackson, 1978 (Squamata, Leiosauridae) in captivity conditions. Revista Brasileira de Zoociências 8:193–197.

Nogueira C., Sawaya R.J., Martins M. 2003. Ecology of the pitviper, Bothrops moojeni, in the Brazilian Cerrado. Journal of Herpetology 37:653–659.

Luedemann G., Colli G.R., Brandão R.A. 1997. Polychrus acutirostris (sloth). Reproduction. Herpetological Review 28:43.

Olsson M. 1993. Male preference for large females and assortative mating for body size in the sand lizard (Lacerta agilis). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 32:337–341.

Olsson M., Shine R. 1998. Chemosensory mate recognition may facilitate prolonged mate guarding by male snow skinks, Niveoscincus microlepidus. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 43:359–363.

Pandav B.N., Shanbhag B.A., Saidapur S.K. 2007. Ethogram of courtship and mating behaviour of garden lizard, Calotes versicolor. Current Science 93:1164–1167.

Ribeiro L.B., Gogliath M., Sales R.F.D., Freire E.M.X. 2011. Mating behavior and female accompaniment in the whiptail lizard Cnemidophorus ocellifer (Squamata, Teiidae) in the Caatinga region of northeastern Brazil. Biota Neotropica 11:363–368.

Ribeiro S.C., Roberto I.J., Sales D.L., Ávila R.W., Almeida W.O. 2012. Amphibians and reptiles from the Araripe bioregion, northeastern Brazil. Salamandra (Frankfurt) 48:133–146.

Sánchez‑Hernández P., Ramírez‑Pinilla M.P., Molina‑Borja M. 2012. Agonistic and courtship behaviour patterns in the skink Chalcides viridanus (Fam. Scincidae) from Tenerife. Acta Ethologica 15:65–71. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10211‑011‑0109‑6.

Sazima I. 1988. A behavioral biology study of jararaca, Bothrops jararaca, using natural marks. Memórias do Instituto Butantan 50:83–99.

Sousa J.D., Lima J.H.A., Almeida M.E.A., Sousa I.T.F., Almeida J.F., Kokubum M.N.C. 2021. Novel behavioral observations of the lizard Tropidurus hispidus (Squamata: Tropiduridae) in Northeastern Brazil. Cuadernos de Herpetología 35:305–317.

Stamps J.A. 1983. Reptilian herbivores, a review of iguanas of the world. Science 220:1145–1146.

Stearns S.C. 1992. The Evolution of Life Histories. Oxford University Press, Oxford, Reino Unido.

Teixeira R.L., Giovanelli M. 1999. Ecology of Tropidurus torquatus (Sauria: Tropiduridae) from the Guriri, São Mateus‑ES. Revista Brasileira de Biologia 59:11–18.

Trivedi J., Bayani A., Pratyush P., Suresh B. 2013. Study of egg laying behaviour of Fan‑Throated Lizard, Sitana ponticeriana (Cuvier, 1829) from shrubland of Vadodara City, Gujarat, India. International Research Journal of Biological Sciences 2:74–77.

Torr G.A., Shine R. 1994. An ethogram for the small scincid lizard Lampropholis guichenoti. Amphibia‑Reptilia 15:21–34.

Turci L.C.B., Albuquerque S., Bernarde P.S., Miranda D.B. 2009. Activity, habitat use, and behavior of the Bothriopsis bilineatus and of the Bothrops atrox (Serpentes: Viperidae) in Moa river forest, Acre – Brazil. Biota Neotropica 9:197–206.

Vanzolini P.E. 1974. Ecological and geographical distribution of lizards in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia 25:61–90.

Velloso A.L., Sampaio E.V.S.B., Pareyn F.G.C. 2002. Ecorregions: Proposals for the Caatinga biome. Results of the Seminar of Ecorregional Planning of Caatinga / Aldeia‑PE. Northeast Plants Association, Environmental Conservation Institute. The Nature Conservancy do Brasil, Recife.

Vitt L.J., Lacher T.E. 1981. Behavior, habitat, diet and reproduction of the iguanid lizard Polychrus acutirostris in the Caatinga of Northeastern Brazil. Herpetologica 37:53–63.

Vitt L.J. 1983. Reproduction and sexual dimorphism in the tropical teiid lizard, Cnemidophorus ocellifer. Copeia 2:359–366. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/1444378.

Winck G.R., Rocha C.F.D. 2012. Reproductive trends of Brazilian lizards (Reptilia, Squamata): the relationship between clutch size and body size in females. North‑Western Journal of Zoology 8:57–62.

Yamamoto M.E., Volpato G.L. 2011. Comportamento animal. 2a ed., Natal: EDUFRN. pp. 191–207.

Zaldívar‑Rae J., Drummond H. 2007. Female accompaniment by male whiptail lizards: is it mate guarding? Behaviour 144:1383–1402. doi: https://doi.org/10.1163/156853907782418187.